Their various typologies, as well as the tourist product, will be considered in more detail To the tourist based on the experience they seek from it. At the same time, tourism can also be defined as a product, sold Should have so as to separate them from other mobile collectives, such as migrants or Such commentaries define what form a tourist should take and what motives they Travel, again a suggestive sign of social success (Krippendorf 1986). Tourism comes from not only the choice to travel but the freedom and accessibility to Will made „voluntarily‟ and „for the purpose of experiencing a change‟, implying that Similarly, Smith (1989) determines that a tourist‟s decision to travel Tourist, as suggested by Nash (1981) who describes the tourist as „a person at leisure The motives for mobility are a key factor in defining the In other words, „at the heart of any definition of tourism is the person we conceive to be The study of tourism should be directed towards the traveller and their motives to travel. This may suggest that, in order to define tourism, particularly as a social phenomenon, It involves people who are influenced and motivated by the norms and transformations in their own society and who carry with them their own ‟culture baggage‟ of experience. Internationally, and who interact with other people and places. Participates within it, as Sharpley (2002b: 22) describes tourism as:Īn activity which involves individuals who travel within their own countries or ![]() Supporting infrastructure and tourism environment but also the individual who Theįourth component is represented in Figure 2.1 by the surrounding box, that is, the Interacts (Farrell and Twinning-Ward 2004 Leiper 1979 Mill and Morrison 1998). The environment in which the first three components are located and in which the tourist System comprises of four components, not only of the tourism generating region andĭestination region but also the transit region in between the tourist travels through and Tourists visiting destination regions within their own country. ![]() This system not only applies to outbound international tourists but also to domestic Source: Adapted from Leiper (1990) in Sharpley (2009: 12) This can be seen in figure 2.1 below (see also Figure 1.1, Chapter 1). Journey to the destination and the stay (including activities) at the destination (Cooper etĪl., 2008). For example, Leiper (1979) defines tourism asįollows: „the tourist industry consists of all those firms, organisations, facilities whichĪre intended to serve the specific needs and wants of tourist (Leiper 1979: 400).įurthermore, this concept develops the idea that tourism comprises two elements the Thus,Īlthough conceptual definitions tend to focus on the tourist, it is also possible to define ![]() This also touches upon the idea that tourism can be defined in relation toĪ network or a business sector with distinctive attributes that reflect similar supply andĭemand components, leaning towards a search for a more systematic definition. Have on the host‟s socio-cultural, economic and physical environment‟ (Jafari 1977: 8 Industry which responds to his needs, and of the impacts that both he and the industry Additionally, examples of conceptualĭefinitions in relation to tourism engage anthropological themes hinting at nomadicīehaviour and habitat: „Tourism is a study of Man away from his usual habitat, of the Only an individual goal but a social aspiration. Tourism could be deemed a „social victory‟, perhaps even suggesting that tourism is not Certainly, as Krippendorf (1986) reflects, Society to reward itself with a vacation. Thought of as a form of recreation and as the ability of individual within a culture or Nevertheless, it could be argued that tourism is generally Leisure industry, yet this is perhaps a somewhat out-dated perspective given theĭefined as recreational. Tourism can be solely thought of as occurring within a „pleasure periphery‟ (Turner andĪsh 1975) or for „intrinsic satisfaction‟ (Roberts 2004: 3) tends to associate it with the However, this definition hasīeen criticised as it links tourism explicitly to leisure / pleasure, and so subsequentĭefinitions attempted to broaden the theme (Batta 2000). This definition tends to separate tourism from migration andĮmphasises the temporary aspect of the travel (Cruz 2006). Permanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity‟ (Cruz 2006 Krapf (1942), who defined tourism as „a sum of the phenomena and relationshipsĪrising from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to One of the earliest conceptual definitions of tourism was proposed by Hunziker and ![]() To look at how tourism can be defined within anthropological and theoretical terms. Given the complex social and multi-faceted aspects of tourism, it is perhaps appropriate
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